2007-04-26

O Doutor Ministro e a Avaliação do Desempenho



A avaliação de desempenho não é fácil e é sempre um tema muito polémico, mesmo entre académicos. A avaliação de desempenho na Administração Pública foi, é e será um "flop" devido à forma como o assunto é tratado.


As recentes notícias (http://www.agenciafinanceira.iol.pt/noticia.php?id=800681&div_id=1730 e http://www.negocios.pt/default.asp?Session=&SqlPage=Content_Economia&CpContentId=294538) confirmam que o nosso Doutor Ministro (de Estado e das Finanças) Fernando Teixeira dos Santos pouco "pesca" do assunto. Bem sei que o Homem é Douto, mas não é doutor na área e nem é obrigado a ser especialista no tema. Ora é aí que está o busílis da questão! O assunto anda a ser tratado por quem pouco ou nada investigou, pouco sabe sobre o assunto, e propõe ao Doutor Teixeira dos Santos soluções que rondam o epíteto de dislate.
Porque não gosto de criticar negativamente, só por criticar, aqui ficam algumas referências produto dos meus trabalhos de investigação na área. Senhores assessores aproveitem-nas!
Bibliografia Científica Essencial sobre Desempenho e Avaliação do Desempenho
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  • Burke, W. W. and Litwin, G. H. (1992), A causal model of organizational performance. Journal of Management. Vol. 18, N.º 3, pp. 523-545.
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  • Clinebell, Sharon and Shadwick, Gerald (2005). The Importance of Organizational Context on Employees' Attitudes: An Examination of Working in Main Offices Versus Branch Offices. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. Vol. 11, No. 2,
    89 -100.
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  • Drucker, Peter F. (1977). People and performance: the best of Peter Drucker on management. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers.
  • Dyne, Linn Van; Pierce, Jon L. (2004). Psychological ownership and feelings of possession: three field studies predicting employee attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 25, No.4, 439 – 459.
  • Erdogan, Berrin; Kraimer, Maria L.; Liden, Robert C. (2004). Work Value Congruence and Intrinsic Career Success: The Compensatory Roles of Leader-Member Exchange and Perceived Organizational Support. Personnel Psychology. Vol. 57, 2; 305 – 332.
  • Farmer, Suzanne J.; Beehr, Terry A.; Love, Kevin G. (2003). Becoming an undercover police officer: a note on fairness perceptions, behavior, and attitudes. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 24, 4, 373 – 387.
  • Feather, N. T. and Rauter, Katrin A. (2004). Organizational citizenship behaviours in relation to job status, job insecurity, organizational commitment and identification, job satisfaction and work values. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 77, 81 – 94.
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  • Griffin, Ricky W. (1991). Effects of Work Redesign on Employee Perceptions, Attitudes, and Behaviors: A Long-Term Investigation. Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 34, No. 2, 425 – 435.
  • Haar, Jarrod and Spell, Chester S. (2003). Where is the justice? Examining work-family backlash in New Zealand: The potential for employee resentment. New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations. Vol. 28, 1, 59 – 74.
  • Hacket, Rick D. (2002). Understanding and Predicting Work Performance in the Canadian Military. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 34:2, 131-140.
  • Hall, James L.; Posner, Barry Z.; Harder, Joseph W. (1989). Performance Appraisal Systems. Matching Practice with Theory. Group & Organization Studies. 14, 1, pp 51 -69
  • Heshizer, Brian (1994). The impact of flexible benefits plans on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention. Benefits Quarterly. Vol.10, 4, 84 – 90.
  • Hoffmann, Terrence (1999). The meanings of competency. Journal of European Industrial Training. Vol. 23 / 3; 275-285.
  • Holtom, Brooks C.; Lee, Thomas W.; Tidd, Simon T. (2002). The Relationship Between Work Status Congruence and Work-Related Attitudes and Behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 87, No. 5, 903–915.
  • Hyde, A. C., (2001). Pay for results: The brave new world of pay for performance. PA Times, 24(4), 4-6
  • Igbaria, Magid; Greenhaus, Jeffrey H. (1992). The Career Advancement Prospects of Managers and Professionals: Are MIS Employees Unique? Decision Sciences. Vol. 23, 2, 478 – 499.
  • Ilgen, D. R. and Hollenbeck, J. R. (1991). The structure of work: Job design and roles. In M. D. Dunnette and L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 165-207). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Ilgen, D. R. and Schneider, J. (1991). Performance measurement: A multi-discipline view. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 6, pp.71-108). Chichester: Wiley.
  • Ilgen, D. R., Barnes-Farrel, J. L. and McKellin, D. B. (1993). Performance appraisal process research in the 1980s: What has it contributed to appraisals in use? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54, 321-368.
  • Ingersoll, Gail L.; Olsan, Tobie; Drew-Cates, Jessie; DeVinney, Bonnie C.; Davies, Jan (2002). Nurses’ Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Career Intent. JONA. Volume 32, Number 5, 250 – 263.
  • Irving, P. Gregory; Daniel Coleman, E. and Cooper, Christine L. (1997). Further Assessments of a Three-Component Model of Occupational Commitment: Generalizability and Differences Across Occupations. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 82, No. 3, 444 – 452.
  • Johnson, Jonathan L. and O'leary-Kelly, Anne M. (2003). The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 24, No.5, 627 – 647.
  • Judge, Timothy A.; Thoresen, Carl J.; Bono, Joyce E.; Patton, Gregory K. (2001). The Job Satisfaction – Job Performance Relationship: A qualitative and Quantitative Review. Psychological Bulletin. Vol. 127, Iss. 3; pg. 376.
  • Kanfer, R. (1990). Motivation theory and industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnette and L. M. Hought (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 75-170). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Keller, Robert T. (1997). Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment as Longitudinal Predictors of Job Performance: A Study of Scientists and Engineers. Journal of Applied Psychology. , Vol. 82, No. 4, 539 - 545.
  • Kim, Sang-Wook; Price, James L; Mueller, Charles W; Watson, Thomas W. (1996). The determinants of career intent among physicians at a U.S. Air Force hospital. Human Relations. Vol. 49, No. 7, 947 – 976.
  • Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person-organization fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology. Vol. 49, Iss. 1; p. 1.
  • Kuehn,Kermit W. and Al-Busaidi, Yousef (2002). Citizenship behavior in a non-Western context: An examination of the role of the role of satisfaction, commitment and job characteristics on self-reported OCB. International Journal of Commerce & Management. Vol. 12, No. 2, 107 – 125.
  • Lam, Simon S. K.; Yik, Michelle S. M. and Schaubroeck, John (2002). Responses to Formal Performance Appraisal Feedback: The Role of Negative Affectivity. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 87, No. 1, 192 – 201.
  • Lauver, Kristy J. and Kristof-Brown, Amy (2001). Distinguishing between Employees’ Perceptions of Person–Job and Person–Organization Fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 59, 454 – 470
  • Levy, Paul E. and Williams, Jane. R. (1998). The role of perceived system knowledge in predicting appraisal reactions, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 19, No. 1, 53 – 65.
  • Lok, Peter and Crawford, John (2004). The effect of organisational culture and leadership style on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: A cross-national comparasion. The Journal of Management Development. Vol. 23, 3/4, 321 – 338.
  • London, Manuel, Mone, Edward M. and Scott, John C. (2004). Performance Management and Assessment: Methods for improved rater accuracy and employee goal setting. Human Resource Management. Vol. 43, Nº. 4, pp. 319-336.
  • Maier, Günter and Brunstein, Joachim C. (2001). The Role of Personal Work Goals in Newcomers’ Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: A Longitudinal Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 86, No. 5, 1034 – 1042.
  • Mannheim, Bilha; Baruch, Yehuda and Tal, Joseph (1997). Alternative models for antecedents and outcomes of work centrality and job satisfaction of high-tech personnel. Human Relations. Vol. 50, No.12, 1537 – 1562.
  • Mansfield, Bob (2004). Competence in transition. Journal of European Industrial Training. Vol. 28, 2-4, pp. 296-309.
  • Mathieu, John E. (1991). A Cross-Level Nonrecursive Model of the Antecedents of Organizational Commitment and Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 76, No. 5, 607-618.
  • Mathieu, John E. and Farr, James L. (1991). Further Evidence for the Discriminant Validity of Measures of Organizational Commitment, Job Involvement, and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 76, No. 1, 127 – 133.
  • McNeese-Smith, Donna (1996). Increasing employee productivity, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Hospital & Health Services Administration. Vol. 41, No. 2, 160 – 175.
  • Meglino, Bruce M.; Ravlin, Elizabeth C. and Adkins, Cheryl L. (1989). A Work Values Approach to Corporate Culture: A Field Test of the Value Congruence Process and Its Relationship to Individual Outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 74, No. 3, 424 - 432.
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    It's the Nature of the Commitment That Counts. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 74, No. 1, 152 – 156.
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  • Murphy, Kevin R. and Jeanette N. Cleveland (1995). Understanding performance appraisal: social, organizational, and goal-based perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Naumann, Earl (1993). Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and commitment. Group & Organization Management. Vol. 18, No. 2, 153 – 187.
  • Newman, Jerry M. and Krzystofiak, Frank J. (1993). Changes in employee attitudes after an acquisition: A longitudinal analysis. Group & Organization Management. Vol.18, No. 4, 390 – 410.
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  • O'Reilly, Charles A., III; Chatman, Jennifer; Caldwell, David F. (1991). People and Organizational Culture: A Profile Comparison Approach to Assessing Person-Organization Fit. Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 34, No. 3, 487 – 516.
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O Senhor "onsultor"


Fernando Teixeira dos Santos, actual ministro das nossas Finanças, tem um currículo invejável.


Entre as suas actividades de experiência profissional consta que foi «onsultor da Comissão de Coordenação da Região Norte (1987 a 1989)». Fica aqui o registo e os votos de longa vida ao Senhor "onsultor".

2007-04-24

Curiosidades - A machina denominada pontometro


Rezam assim as crónicas da SESSÃO N.° 30 DE 25 DE JULHO DE 1911 (página 23):


Ora devo dizer que não é positivamente o papel do Ministro fiscalizar a entrada dos seus subordinados; ha para isso o livro do ponto.
O facto d'elles não cumprirem com os seus deveres é uma questão de moralidade.
No intuito, porem, de obviar a esse mal é que eu adquiri uma machina denominada pontometro, destinada a marcar a entrada e saída dos empregados. Entendi, porem, que emquanto os outros Ministerios não se encontrassem providos do mesmo apparelho eu praticaria uma excepção que era odiosa.
O Sr. Aresta Branco: Nunca é odioso um principio de moral.
O Orador: - Estou á espera que essa mesma providencia seja adoptada em todos os outros Ministerios.
O Sr. Ministro do Interior (Antonio José de Almeida):- Devo dizer a V. Exa. que pelo Ministerio do Interior já foi encommendada essa machina.
O Sr. Alfredo Ladeira: - O funccionario a que me referi é o chefe do pessoal menor. O que não fará o pessoal superior?!
O Orador: - Mas devemos ser justos. Alguns empregados estão na repartição até muito tarde, e por isso não é de estranhar que por vezes tenham de sair para tomar qualquer refeição.

Curiosidades - Barreiro e Assembleia Constituinte de 1911


SESSÃO N.° 6 DE 26 DE JUNHO DE 1911


(...)

Felicitação
Felicita enthusiasticamente a illustre Assembleia Constituinte.
Villa do Barreiro. - Abilio Tavares de Castro.

Portugal e o Barreiro visto por um Catalão

Ao navegar pela blog-esfera encontram-se blogs curiosos. Este é um deles.

http://jocivis.blogspot.com/

O 25 de Abril e a Marselhesa

Estamos em época de comemoração do 25 de Abril. Tempo de festa e de muito significado para quem o viveu em 1974. Este ano, vem ao Barreiro o Pedro Abrunhosa. Um "puto" dois anos mais velho do que eu, que tem tido muito sucesso no meio musical. Não certamente o sucesso musical do Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle, mas sucesso suficiente para ser o cabeça de cartaz das festas promovidas pela Câmara Municipal do Barreiro.

Sem desprimor para o Pedro Abrunhosa, prefiro evocar aqui Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle. Com a devida vénia, Lisle (1760-1836) foi de alguma forma responsável pelo meu despertar para a política e para os direitos de cidadania, ao escrever uma das canções que ainda hoje muito me emociona: La Marseillaise (A Marselhesa).
Entre os meus conhecidos, conforme venho verificando, são poucos os que sabem que a Marselhesa foi escrita na noite de 25 de Abril para 26 de Abril de 1792.
Pois é! A velhinha Marselhesa faz este ano 215 anos de vida, continua viva e de boa saúde na mente de quem é republicano e se guia pela divisa " Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité ".
Neste 25 de Abril, viva a liberdade:
«Liberté, Liberté chérie
Combats avec tes défenseurs
Combats avec tes défenseurs
Sous nos drapeaux, que la victoire
Accoure à tes mâles accents
Que tes ennemis expirants
Voient ton triomphe et nous, notre gloire »

2007-04-15

Informação vital para a juventude

Ainda há quem diga que a polícia não é simpática...




Há imagens que valem por mil palavras.

Marcha Neo-Nazi em Lichtenberger

O Holocausto em italiano


A Europa não está livre de um novo holocausto. Tudo começa por pequenas mensagens como «A Rússia para os russos!» ou «Basta de imigração, nacionalismo é solução!».

Hitler chegou ao poder pela democracia, não por um golpe de estado. Para quem esteja esquecido da face mais negra do nazismo... convido uma visita a www.olokaustos.org.